{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "player = 'thomas'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "points = 33"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-3-1da050906281>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mplayer\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mpoints\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(player + points)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "thomas33\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# concat\n",
    "print(player + str(points))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "thomas 33\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# string formatting with f-strings. F-strings are a new feature of python3.\n",
    "print(f'{player} {points}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "sentence = player + \" \" + str(points) + \".\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "thomas 33.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sentence)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      " 33 thomas 33.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sentence2 = f' {points} {player} {points}.'\n",
    "print(sentence2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "33 thomas 33.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# In older versions of Python, f-strings did not exist. Instead we did\n",
    "print(\"%s %s %s.\" % (points, player, points))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "I scored 33.3 points today.\n",
      "I scored 33 points today.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# %s converts everything into string\n",
    "# %d converts into numbers (integer first, without rounding)\n",
    "print('I scored %s points today.' % 33.3)\n",
    "print('I scored %d points today.' % 33.8)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Padding and Precision of floating point numbers\n",
    "\n",
    "floating points use the format %5.2f. Here, 5 would be minimum number of characters the string should contain. .2f stands for how many numbers to show AFTER the decimal point."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Floating point numbers 13.49\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Floating point numbers %5.2f' % (13.490))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Floating point numbers: 13\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Floating point numbers: %1.0f' %(13.144))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Floating point numbers:                     13.14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('Floating point numbers: %25.2f' %(13.144))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Multi Formatting"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "First hi, Second:  3.14\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print('First %s, Second: %5.2f' % ('hi', 3.1415))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Formatting with .format() method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "this is a string with an insert\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"this is a string with an {}\".format('insert'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "The quick brown fox\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# (0,1,2) == index(fox, brown, quick)\n",
    "print('The {2} {1} {0}'.format('fox', 'brown', 'quick'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Float formatting with f-strings"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My 10 character, four decimal number is:   23.4568\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = 23.45678\n",
    "print(f'My 10 character, four decimal number is:{num:{10}.{6}}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "My 10 character, four decimal number is:   23.4568\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(f'My 10 character, four decimal number is:{num:10.4f}')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
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